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SQL Operators helps us to write expressions in SQL queries. We use Arithmetic Operators, Comparison Operators, Logical Operators and Wildcard Operators while extracting and summarizing the data for analysis.
SQL Arithmetic Operators
Following are the list of all the arithmetic operators available in SQL, assume variable a holds 100 and variable b holds 200 then:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Addition – Adds values on either side of the operator | a + b will give 300 |
| – | Subtraction – Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand | a – b will give -100 |
| * | Multiplication – Multiplies values on either side of the operator | a * b will give 2000 |
| / | Division – Divides left hand operand by right hand operand | b / a will give 20 |
| % | Modulus – Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and returns remainder | b % a will give 0 |
SQL Comparison Operators
Following are the list of all the comparison operators available in SQL, assume variable a holds 100 and variable b holds 200 then:
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a = b) is not true. |
| != | Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (a != b) is true. |
| <> | Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true. | (a <> b) is true. |
| > | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a > b) is not true. |
| < | Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a < b) is true. |
| >= | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a >= b) is not true. |
| <= | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a <= b) is true. |
| !< | Checks if the value of left operand is not less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a !< b) is false. |
| !> | Checks if the value of left operand is not greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true. | (a !> b) is true. |
SQL Logical Operators
Following are the list of all the logical operators available in SQL:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| ALL | The ALL operator is used to compare a value to all values in another value set. |
| AND | The AND operator allows the existence of multiple conditions in an SQL statement’s WHERE clause. |
| ANY | The ANY operator is used to compare a value to any applicable value in the list according to the condition. |
| BETWEEN | The BETWEEN operator is used to search for values that are within a set of values, given the minimum value and the maximum value. |
| EXISTS | The EXISTS operator is used to search for the presence of a row in a specified table that meets certain criteria. |
| IN | The IN operator is used to compare a value to a list of literal values that have been specified. |
| LIKE | The LIKE operator is used to compare a value to similar values using wildcard operators. |
| NOT | The NOT operator reverses the meaning of the logical operator with which it is used. Eg. NOT EXISTS, NOT BETWEEN, NOT IN etc. This is negate operator. |
| OR | The OR operator is used to combine multiple conditions in an SQL statement’s WHERE clause. |
| IS NULL | The NULL operator is used to compare a value with a NULL value. |
| UNIQUE | The UNIQUE operator searches every row of a specified table for uniqueness (no duplicates). |
SQL Wildcard Operators
Following are the list of all the wildcard operators available in SQL, we use wildcard operators in conjunction with the LIKE operator:
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| The percent sign (%) | Matches one or more characters. Note: MS Access uses the asterisk (*) wildcard character instead of the percent sign (%) wildcard character. |
| The underscore (_) | Matches one character. Note: MS Access uses a question mark (?) instead of the underscore (_) to match any one character. |
| Character list to match ( [character list]) |
Sets and ranges of characters to match. |
| Character list not to match (^[character list]) | Sets and ranges of characters to match. |
Examples:
| SQL Statement | Description |
|---|---|
|
Select * From Employee Where Name Like ‘M%’ |
Returns all the records where name starts with M |
|
Select * From Employee Where Salary Like ‘2___0’ |
Returns all the records where it finds salary with a five-digit number that start with 2 and end with 0 |
|
Select * From Employee Where Department Like ‘[A-H]%’ |
Returns all the records where Department name start with any letter between A and H |
| Select * From Employee Where Department Like ‘^[A-H]%’ | Returns all the records where Department name not start with any letter between A and H |
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SIR THE B/M QUERY IS NOT WORKING PLEASE ASSIST ME
Sub CheckVendor()
Dim CnTDS As New ADODB.Connection
Dim StCNTDS As String
Dim DBPath As String
Dim StRsVendor As String
Dim RsVendor As New ADODB.Recordset
DBPath = ThisWorkbook.FullName
StCNTDS = “Provider=MSDASQL.1;DSN=Excel Files;DBQ=” & DBPath & “;HDR=Yes’;”
CnTDS.Open StCNTDS
StRsVendor = “Select [CREDITORS$].[Account Code],[CREDITORS$].[Name]” & _
“From [CREDITORS$],[MASTER$]” & _
“Where [CREDITORS$].[Account Code] [MASTER$].[Account Code]” & _
“Group By [CREDITORS$].[Account Code],[CREDITORS$].[Name];”
RsVendor.Open StRsVendor, CnTDS
Sheets(“NotFound”).Range(“A2”).CopyFromRecordset RsVendor
‘RsVendor.RecordCount = Nothing
End Sub